What must be executed prior to reaching the MAP if the missed approach is initiated?

The correct procedure before reaching the missed approach point (MAP) involves flying as specified on the approach plate. This guidance is crucial because the approach plate provides specific instructions for the missed approach, detailing the commands to follow, including the route to take and the altitude to maintain. Adhering to these instructions ensures the aircraft maintains safe terrain clearance and remains within controlled airspace during the transition to the missed approach segment. By following the designated path outlined on the approach plate, pilots can effectively manage their aircraft's position and ensure safe navigation away from the approach area.

The other options do not accurately reflect the correct procedure. For instance, descending immediately to the missed approach altitude without following the approach plate instructions can lead to unsafe operational scenarios. Performing a 360-degree turn is generally not a required action during a missed approach; instead, the aim is to follow the planned route efficiently. Since visual flight rules require the pilot to see and avoid obstacles using visual references, switching to VFR may not be practical or safe in low visibility conditions typically associated with approaching an airport.